National aspects of Russian social thought of the second half XIX century of the Russian pre-revolutionary and emigrant historiography (1880-1920)

Historiographical tradition associated with the definition of the role and place of the national question in the social and political thought of Russia in the second half of the XIX century, includes works by pre-revolutionary, Soviet and emigre and modern researchers. First period - pre-revolutionary - bore the unmistakable imprint of journalistic battles, as assessed not only the development of the ideas of its own direction, and opponents. In addition, the first historiographical surveys were made in the course of discussions, their direct participants, making it difficult task of separating the histo-riographical sources of historical. In pre-revolutionary historians, researchers of the national question in Russian public opinion focused on the elucidation of the history of the Slavophile and, in connection therewith, conservative direction. Liberal direction as the flow in the Russian national discourse has been an active participant, but did not become the object of historiographical study. You can only talk about the beginning of consideration of the views of its individual members. Studies often wore a biographical nature, but also appeal to the scientific and socio- political views left the national question were so far. The exceptions were the only subjects related to the confrontation Westerners and Slavophiles, as well as its effect on the perception of the Russian thinkers of the various aspects of international relations. Revolutionary- socialist discourse, the second half of the XIX century, emerged as an illegal emigrant or isolated from the All-Russian. The History of the revolutionary movement and that of his figures, policies and institutions began in foreign publications. In the 1880s. with the advent of Marxism in the socialist movement developed two independent flow ( Marxist and neonarodnicheskoe ), who were able to tough and uncompromising confrontation. This leads to the formation of alternative approaches to the history of the socialist movement. Neopopulists sought to understanding the experience of their predecessors, rate it positively. But referring to the history of populism, they focused on the analysis of the most radical forms of social struggle, including terrorism. In the first Marxist works on the history of Russian socialism dominated the problem of social struggle. They themselves are the supporters of the idea of the national question is secondary in relation to the social, the Marxists have ignored the problem of development of the national program in Russian socialist movement. Emigrant historiography, in general, continued to pre-revolutionary tradition and relied on a high level of Russian classical philosophy and history. At the same time, the experience of revolutionary turmoil and civil war, the exclusion of political practices, and the significant amount of time that separated from the studied period, allowed the researchers to get rid of excessive journalistic genre and move on to the scientific objective consideration of the problem. A characteristic feature of the authors of emigrants is the lighting, especially the philosophical and cultural aspects of creative thinkers of the XIX century. Topic of international relations has been affected in a number of general works on the history of philosophy, dedicated to both individual personalities and entire areas of Russian thought.

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