Regional labor markets and their legal regulation

The article analyzes the regional regulatory legal acts governing the labor market and employment; defines the categories of persons employed in the labor market and the support measures provided to them. A conclusion is made about the impact of remote and platform employment on the state of regional labor markets. Currently, in the Russian Federation, on the one hand, there is a shortage of personnel and labor, which is becoming one of the serious risks for the economy. On the other hand, the restructuring of economic processes, under the influence of information technology, the development of the platform economy, leads to the fact that these processes affect changes in the labor market. Two factors are identified that must be taken into account when regulating the regional labor market - 1) the allocation of different groups of the population for which separate support measures and preferences are established in the labor market, 2) the impact on the state of the labor market of remote and platform employment, which have been actively developing recently. It is proposed to divide persons employed in the labor market into several groups: by age; by health status; by family status and the presence of children; in connection with a change in social status; in connection with a forced change of place of residence. Regulatory and legal acts aimed at establishing support measures for them in the labor market are adopted at the regional level for each of the named groups. Subjects of the Russian Federation, implementing legal regulation of regional labor and employment markets, have not yet paid sufficient attention to the development of remote work and employment. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that remote employment is in demand only in certain sectors of the economy and for certain positions, in addition, not all subjects of the Russian Federation have good Internet coverage in remote areas, which complicates the very fact of remote employment. On the other hand, the personnel shortage in the labor market leads to the fact that vacancies within the framework of traditional employment remain unfilled. Thus, it is more relevant for regions to implement legal regulation of the labor market as a whole, without focusing on remote employment. In the absence of federal legal regulation of platform employment until the adoption of the relevant federal law on platform employment, regional legal acts that in one way or another regulate issues of platform employment in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are unlikely to be adopted. Their adoption necessitates planning activities to develop platform employment in the regions, which also requires the allocation of appropriate financial support. At the same time, in the absence of clear terminology at the federal level, what is meant by platform employment, the understanding of how to develop it at the regional level is also called into question. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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