Legislation of foreign countries on special legal regimes: history and modernity

In modern conditions, one of the main tasks of the state is to ensure its internal and external security, which allows it to maintain the conditions of its normal existence at the proper level. It is especially relevant at the present time, due to the proliferation of threats of a multidirectional nature. Over the centuries, many difficult trials have fallen to the lot of any state, but the main task has always been to ensure its protection. In the context of the constant challenges faced by society and the State, increased attention is being paid to law enforcement issues. In the light of recent events related to the introduction of special legal regimes, both practitioners and theorists regularly face questions about the application of domestic legislation in crisis situations. In the current difficult situation, external security and internal stability are the most important conditions for the progressive economic and social development of the State. And in order to put up a truly solid barrier to existing and potential challenges of a natural, social and man-made nature, each individual state must have a set of legal means aimed at neutralizing and eliminating threats emanating from these factors. However, the establishment of emergency regimes restricts the rights and freedoms of citizens, which is a justified measure in emergency situations and in extraordinary situations. A comparative legal analysis of the legislation of a number of States in the field under study indicates their differences in approaches to regulating these situations through the establishment of special legal regimes. An important condition for a civilized solution to these issues is the existence of legal norms on various extraordinary situations that meet modern requirements and are aimed at ensuring a balance between the observance and protection of citizens' rights and freedoms, on the one hand, and maintaining the functioning of state authorities at an appropriate level, on the other. The paper examines the specifics of the functioning of the public authority system in extraordinary situations in foreign countries (using the example of overcoming the consequences of coronavirus infection (covid-2019)). The legal regulation of the activities of public authorities in the context of special constitutional and legal regimes and, above all, an extraordinary situation needs serious analysis and discussion. The purpose of the research is to gain new knowledge as a result of analyzing the norms of foreign legislation on the legal regulation of various extraordinary regimes. Such knowledge is necessary, first of all, for their critical study for possible use in domestic legislation. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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