Lexical interferences in translations of Johann Jacobi von Wallhausen's treatise "Kriegskunst zu Fuß"

The article is dedicated to the analysis of translations of "Kriegskunst zu FuB", the military regulation by Johann Jacob von Wallhausen. This text was first published in German in 1615 in Oppenheim; in 1617 a Dutch translation was published in Arnhem; in 1647 the Dutch text was translated into Russian. The German original contains 1916 foreign language interferences from Latin, French, Italian, and Spanish. These lexical units are highlighted in type: they are printed in Roman type, while the rest of the text of the charter is in Gothic. The most frequent are interferences from the Latin language: 321 lexemes are recorded in the text, which are used 1234 times, which is 64.4% of the total number of interferences. It is noted that despite the prestige of the Spanish army at the beginning of the 17th century, interferences from Spanish represent the smallest group of interferences (13 lexemes, 26 cases of use, 1.35%). When translated into Dutch, the number of interferences marked with type was noticeably reduced: in the 1617 text only 226 interferences are recorded. At the same time, the share of interferences from the Latin language increased: 121 lexemes, 210 cases of use, 92.92%. It is suggested that the translator wanted to reduce the number of interferences from French, Spanish, and Italian in connection with the military-political situation in the Republic of the United Provinces in 1617. It could also be related to the fact that the most prestigious language variety at the beginning of the 17th century became the language of Amsterdam, that won the "struggle" against the Brabant dialect, noticeably influenced by the French language. When translated into Russian, 38 Latinisms were preserved, of which 34 were proper names. A number of errors in the translation of proper names are shown. These errors were due to the translator's poor knowledge of ancient history. In addition, two interferences from the French language were preserved in the Russian text: "lutenant" and "cherge". For some interferences, equivalents available in Russian were selected; in a number of cases there is an omission of text fragments containing foreign language interference in the Russian translation. The text of the translation of von Wallhausen's book is compared with the translation into Russian of another famous military treatise of that era - "Kriegsbuch" by Leomhard Fronsperger. It is shown that when translating Fronsperger's work into Russian, a significant number of Latinisms were used, while in the book by von Wallhausen, an attempt was made to reduce the number of interferences from other languages. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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