The Phenomenon of art in G.G. Shpet's and H.-G. Gadamer's philosophy

Article presents the comparative analysis of conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of art in G.G. Shpet's and H.- G. Gadamer's philosophy. Key parameters of the comparative analysis became thematically and substantially close to both thinkers theses on the esthetic transformation of reality in the experience of art, on communication of art with phenomena of game and celebration, on cognitive and ontologic potential of art, and essential interrelation between art and philosophy. Analysis of the celebration- and the game-parameter of artwork showed a fairly significant differences between thinkers. For Gadamer game and festive dimension of art testifies ontologically independent, de-subjectivized and medial character of a work of art, whose way of being - self-presentation, allowing the world and being be fully self-open and self-reveal. Accordingly, the fine is understood not as the effect of the perception of the subject, but as a way of being, representing the universal ontological structure of the world. Shpet's definition of art through the metaphor of «decoration of reality», on the one hand, does not isolate art from life, but, on the other hand, significantly reduces its ontological status. The nature of the interaction between art and life on the model of "active form - passive material" represents a weak (soft) version of the subject-object model of aesthetic consciousness, which became the hard Gadamer's criticism. In Gadamer's understanding experience of art has the highest cognitive (hermeneutics) potential as it approaches us to original understanding of human being. In Shpet's understanding the thought (idea) have a priority rank and teleologic character, and experience of art, beauty and fine - the secondary, subordinated status. From here partnership between philosophy and art being understood differently: if for Gadamer experience of art ontologically equal to philosophical understanding of being, for Shpet art as "through concreteness", carries out the subordinated aisthesis function on which is built the philosophy as "the last concreteness". Effects of the experience of art for the human being are treated by Shpet in a Hegels paradigm of increase of ranks of reality in process of increase of level of its intelligence. The criticism of synthetic arts and preference of pure classical types of arts (among which literature and poetry are the most perfect), testifies the importance for Shpet of the principle of hierarchy of reflections and correlative to them reality ranks when determining the status and functions of art. In Gadamer's understanding the main mission of art consists in building being-in-the-world. For this reason Gadamer uses expression "increase in being" (Seinszuwachs) in the attitude towards architecture and decorative arts.

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