Antinomianism in the interdisciplinary dialogue of philosophy and psychiatry: from phenomenology to neurosciences

The article discusses the genesis of antinomianism in the philosophy of psychiatry, analyzes its origins in the philosophical interpretation of mental illness in the 20th century. Antinomianism is the interpretation of methods, concepts, and practices through contradictory but equal categories that set different perspectives for interpretation. The study of antinomianism has a critical orientation, i.e. (implementing Kant's critical method) is aimed at characterizing the foundations and specifics of the philosophy of psychiatry, the nature of its problematization, its boundaries. The article reveals not only the positive achievements of the philosophy of psychiatry, but also its problem points, its modern situation. The author traces the transformation of antinomianism from the existential-phenomenological tradition in psychiatry to the philosophy of psychiatry. It is emphasized that the history of the field is based on the opposition between traditional psychiatry and a person-centered philosophical approach, within which the research perspective changes from external (objective) to internal (subjective). Based on philosophical problematization and bringing concepts rather than functives to the center of its field, philosophical psychiatry designates the main problem points of the theory with antinomic concepts that capture the non-objectifiable field of experience of a mentally ill person. Existential-phenomenological psychiatry replaces biological (anatomical) theory with phenomenological ontology, and anti-psychiatry develops a social theory (social ontology), on the basis of which it develops deinstitutional practice. The author analyses the antinomianism of the first studies of the philosophy of psychiatry as a problem field and scientific branch, the attempts to overcome it, coupled with the removal of antinomianism in neurophenomenology. The new model of consciousness develops a dialectical philosophical interpretation of mental illness, where the experience of consciousness is consistently explored simultaneously in the causal analysis of neuroscience and the structural analysis of phenomenology. This leads to the construction of a complex (philosophical and neurophysiological) theory of pathological experience. In the study of antinomianism as a platform for the philosophy of psychiatry, the article lays the basis for fundamental and applied studies of its problem field. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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