On the question of the relationship between interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in scientific knowledge

This article covers the role of the concepts of interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity in the new stage of development of science associated with the development of nonlinear natural science after the cognitive revolution, and with new discoveries such as the programs of unitary gauge theories, the general scientific research program, the introduction of the concept of post-non-classical science with such characteristics as changing nature of scientific reality due to computerization, and considering the object of science as a complex, self-sustaining system. One of the essential characteristics of the post-non-classical science is interdisciplinarity. At present the problem of interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity draws the attention of scientific communities and schools, but the use of these concepts, especially transdis-ciplinarity, has not been clarified yet, which is why the article analyzes the existing perspectives and approaches to these concepts and presents the author's approach. Interdisciplinarity is the interaction between the systems of disciplinary knowledge, which manifests itself as the transfer of the principles of one science to another. Often this transfer, also metaphorically called "paradigmatic vaccination", results in the use of the language and categorical instrument of one science to interpret the facts of another. The so-called "paradigmatic vaccination" can call forth criticism, and the creation of interdisciplinary design projects, when the disciplinary science becomes a "problem-oriented". Transdiscipli-narity, as a new type of production and integration of scientific knowledge, is characterized by common research programs, cognitive schemes which work in the new system of new objects of cognition and activity. Transdisciplinarity, along with the physical, chemical, biological, psychological, technical components, also includes the social, liveral components of transdisciplinary integration. The development of transdisciplinarity entails the need for a transdisciplinary conceptual tool of integration where the classical language of description, based on the concepts of mass, energy, spatial relationships, has to be supplemented with the language of socio-humanistic descriptions, based on the concepts of needs, goals, ideals, interest, responsibility, duty, etc. Transdisciplinarity thus involves the study and implementation of a problem on several levels, for example, the physical and the mental, the global and the local.

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