Odysseus and Polyphemos: paradigms of truth and justice in individualistic society

The central theme of the work is study of the concepts of justice and truth in modern and postmodern philosophical literature. In the article a general tendency in a law and philosophical literature is shown as a trend away from the "transcendental grammar" in interpreting the terms subject, justice, truth.The author uses antic literature images Odysseus and Polyphemos for explaining the differences between two models of understanding justice, truth. Disclosure of social scope, functional purpose of a human as member of society, hint at possibility of social laws similar to physical ones - all these create "ideology of subject", which cannot be separated from ideology of masses (party, class or nation). The paper notes the relationship between philosophical models of society and the concept of man as a social figure and law ideas of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Researcher demonstrates the usage of new social and philosophical methodology to the study of the scope of the rights and law relations. The author analyzed the influence of the philosophical concepts of individualism on the development of theories of justice in the twentieth century (J. Rawls, J. Zehr).The author analyzed the development of ideas of civil rights system and the social role of state. One of the objectives of the work was to demonstrate the main trends of comprehension of subject autonomy within the framework of modern and postmodern culture traditions.Modernity is characterized by the changing of attitudes to the value of the political and social structures. Individualization of society has led to changing of the importance of social roles of person, and appearing a new operating structure of human world. The author proves the necessity of a new topos formula of personality which reflects the status of equality, law activism and fundamental social and political transformation of society. Citizen means the actor of the social space, which changes the circumstances of his being in the world. The ideas of "returning of the actor" and "personalization" of society revealed the interdependence of man and the environment.

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