Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of social anomie in Russian society

The article focuses on the existing theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the phenomenon of social anomie in relation to Russian society. We give a brief description of the two main approaches to the issue of social anomie. The first approach is formulated E. Durkheim. Anomie - a consequence of the transition phase in the development of society, when the old norms no longer apply for the regulation of social interactions and relationships, and new ones have not yet formed. The second variant of anomie formulated Robert Merton. In the social structure itself has a failure, which causes various forms of deviant behavior as adaptive response to this failure. In this paper we detail consider the models of social anomie N.E. Pokrovsky, S.G. Kara-Murza, C. Swader and L. Kosals. Explores the strengths and weaknesses of these models applied to the study of anomie in Russian society. Found that some models do not take into account the global context of events. These models consider the Russian society in isolation. In the model of DKA, the proposed C. Swader and L. Kosals contrary, considered insufficiently specific cultural and historical factors of Russian society. Of great interest is the methodological approach to measuring the level of anomie proposed C. Swader and L. Kosals. They link anomie with the modernization process, which is accompanied by the formalization of various aspects of social life. By formalization in this sense, they refer to the shifting of society's principle medium of normative control over individuals from the informal, based on interpersonal close ties and face-to-face relationships, to the formal, based on abstract, rational, and codified institutions. The authors examine and measure the formalization of social control in three areas of social life: economic, political and individual values. Model anomie of C. Swader and L. Kosals is called "don't know" anomie (DKA). Authors consider as a key indicator of anomie uncertainty of respondents in existing norms and their application. This is the only model currently authenticated by empirical research on the Russian sample.

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