Political modernization in the People's Republic of China: factors, directions, mechanisms

The article of Sushchenko M.A. examines the phenomenon of Chinese political modernization. The author points to a number of factors that influenced the process of formation of the political system of China. We give a description of the Chinese political system since the beginning of its formation. The author also points to the need of restructuring and modernization of the socio-economic system of China. According to Sushchenko M.A. economic modernization in China, carried out by the Chinese political elite from the late 1970s, was the cause of political system transformation. The author believes that the current stage of political modernization in China began with the approval of the Chinese ruling elite of the "fourth generation" of PRC leaders. Since the beginning of the 2000s the main features and characteristics of the process formed in China. It offers an original formulation of political modernization in China. The article highlighted features of the model of Chinese political modernization, which plays a great role in Confucian traditions, the evolutionary nature of political transformation is marked as well as paramount importance for the political transformation of economic reforms is considered. It specifies the role of the ideological factor and continuity in the process of modernization. Among the factors of political modernization social, cultural and personal, ones are mentioned: integration of China into the global processes of globalization, the development of the Internet and modern means of communication. The article also indicates the direction of political modernization. As one of the main directions of political modernization we highlight the institutionalization of the mechanism of change of power in China. Among other areas of political modernization Sushchenko M.A. sees improving inner-party democracy, administrative reform, reform of the judicial system, the improvement of the electoral system, the development of local election laws and governments. The author also points the attention to the democratic vector of the country development. As directions of the transformation of the political system changes the author sees in legislation and the work of public authorities, public and political organizations, the action of citizens in civil society subsystems. Among the main mechanisms of political modernization Sushchenko M.A. considers national and social policy of China. According to author a new stage of political modernization in China will begin by the end of the 2nd term in office of the "Fifth Generation" of Chinese leaders and will depend on the economic, social and cultural transformations in the People's Republic of China.

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