Insane reality of schizophrenia and " simple madness" of Surrealists (On the issue of figure interpretation in the art of mad)

Schizophrenia, which Deleuze and Guattari described as "the disease of century," according to the WHO still strongly reinforces its position. Since 2000, the number «schizophrenia" diagnoses has increased by 40%. And the disease manifestations polymorphism is one of the main differential diagnostic problems. The lack of schizophrenia nosological unity is closely connected with the old question of the disease "essence". However, attempts to build some kind of a correct recognition and interpretation of this mental disorder type still have not given results. Due to the fact that most doctors consider schizophrenia not as a single disease, and as a group of psychoses, with a similar picture of the flow, the diagnosis F20 (schizophrenia) is made on set of the disease most malignant manifestations. It actualizes search for new diagnostic methods to complement the main ones. Psychiatry and medical psychology widely use for this aim projective tests (one of the most common test is "House. Tree. Man"). If a projective test is aimed at a holistic approach to the assessment individual, the present study focuses on the semiotic forms of disrupted mind. In the patients rehabilitation practice art therapy is widely used, it gives a variety of artistic material for the signs, "language", schizophrenia "discourse" analysis. The schizophrenic often substitutes one language for another - verbal language for the drawing language. The conceptual basis of this researching is the Timothy Crow (English psychiatrist) hypothesis, that schizophrenia is a language disease. The article identifies correlation between sign (drawing) and symptom (the signified). The surrealism art practices are interpreted in this researching as surrealism declares insanity as an artistic reality. Through using examples of TCPH patient drawings, the insane and the surrealists creativity comparative analysis is made in the article. It is concluded that Surrealism, in contrast to the schizophrenics art, only simulates illness, at the same time composi-tionally and associativly it remains in the European art field.

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