The comprehension of aesthetical values in the conceptions of Polish aestheticians of the first half of 20th century

The problem of aesthetical values is central theme of aesthetical theory, which tries to realize the complex investigation of art. The aesthetical values are meanings of art existance. They also can be recognized as indicator to recognize and identify the origin art and distinguish it from the low-brow art products. The contemporary art often has the minimum of artistic values (for example, concept art). However it can possess the high aesthetical value. Therefore the problem of aesthetical value is the most actual in the modern aesthetics. A complete study of aesthetic values primarily involves the study of their nature, the analysis of their structure, the method of studying the provisions of their existence and cognition, as well as the determination of our position with respect to them (objectivism, subjectivism, relationalism etc.). Such approach in investigation of aesthetical values characterizes the conceptions of representatives of Polish aesthetics in the first half of 20th: Wladyslaw Tatarkiewicz, Roman Ingarden, Mieczyslaw Wallis, Stanislaw Ossowski, Henryk Elzenberg. All of them tried to define the meaning of the concept "aesthetical value" and explain its specific. They also wanted to create the classification of the main kinds of aesthetical values. Since the majority of the Polish aesthetics of the first half of the twentieth century. claimed the existence of a large number of aesthetic values, we can conclude that we are dealing with a predominance of a pluralistic view on this issue. In general, during the first half of the twentieth century Polish aesthetics prezented the original concept of aesthetic values W. Tatarkiewicz, R. Ingarden, H. Elzenberga, M. Wallis and S. Ossowski that encourage further research. We can also find as original the remarks about metaphysical sense of aesthetic values, their significance in human life, and in communication with the works of art. Conceptions of Polish aestheticians offer the prospect of modern scientific research. Their researches help us to understand the dynamics of the development of aesthetic thought in Poland, because the axiological aspect is very important for the aesthetic concepts of the Polish aesthetics of the second half of XX - beginning of XXI century.

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