The genealogy of the term «disability»

The anthropological turn in philosophy of the twenty-first century initiates an appeal to the concepts that previously did not cause philosophical interest. The terms "disabled" and "disability" are in their series. The relevance of the analysis of the genealogy of these concepts appears because of difficulties in determining their value, which is found not only at the stage of medical examination referring to a specific disability group, but also as a result of the ambiguity of meaning that this concept carries. The modern processes of globalization, coupled with the social determinants of health, create uncertainty and complicate long-term forecasting of norms and standards of health and non-health, including disability. The concept is blured what makes complicated the framing of its borders. The decision to bring the meanings of pluralism to the unity of values taken by WHO. With background of interdisciplinarization WHO as an intersectoral actor finds solution for contradiction and ambiguity in "umbrella term" concept, which laid the basis for the concept of disability. This step is explained as the attempt to unite the existing definitions of disability at one and to create a unified discourse. But in this case, there are new challenges. For example, how to deal with too broad and abstract definition and its variations in the same paragraph on the website of WHO? To solve the difficulties of the definition with the background of arising pluralism of opinions, it is necessary to recognize the heterogeneity and relativism of the concept - instead of the ghosting of the concept to unity values. The concept of disability as a umbrella term explained complex phenomena, does not meet the demands of modern times. The convention between stakeholders is required in the existence of heterogeneous positions for its working well with each other and in different contexts. The reader is invited to address "back to the heterogeneity", but in a new holographically way, not complex. To do this, it is important to explicate pluralism and relativism of concepts by identifying historical forms and meanings of the disability concept and its possible (philosophical, cultural, medical etc.) interpretations.

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