Geo-economics as a structural element of geopolitics

Geo-economics is a scientific discipline that studies geopolitical doctrines and actions of states and other geopolitical entities from an economic perspective, which makes economic relations, geo-economic statuses of powers and geo-economic processes the basis for the division (association) of the world. In terms of its position in sciences, geo-economics can be considered as a sub-discipline of geopolitics, which itself is a sub-discipline of political science. It should be borne in mind that there are other views on this problem. In terms of content, geo-economics includes elements of geography, politics and economics, it is a borderline scientific discipline that combines and synthesises geographical, political and economic approaches and strategies for analysing the static and dynamic structure of the world, national and global geo-economic processes. The structure of geo-economics consists of statics and dynamics. The statics of geo-economics includes raw materials, production, including military production, commodity, finance, energy, tourism and other sectors of the world; the dynamics includes flows of goods, labour, finance, tourists, fans, etc. Geo-economics as a fixation of the connection of economics with politics, history, geography and national culture originated in the works of Fernand Braudel, Immanuel Wallerstein, Fritz Roerig, Friedrich Liszt. In Russia, various aspects of geo-economic concepts developed in Marxist political economy, in the works of N.D. Kondratyev, A.A. Bogdanov, V.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, N.P. Oganovsky, in theories of the Eurasians. Modern geo-economics as a concept combining geopolitics and economics has been actively used in the 1980s-1990s, Its proponents attempt to link a wide range of problems of the world economy, economic geography, economic history, political science and conflictology. As a science, geo-economics has theoretical and empirical components. Theoretical geo-economics studies the effect of geopolitical and economic laws, creates its own theories and approaches, explores the multivariance of global economic development. Applied geo-economics pays more attention to solving practical problems, studying specific manifestations of geo-economic concepts and theories, determining exact values, for example, the geopolitical status of states, the values of their GDP, the specific boundaries of their geo-economic influence, the results of their geo-economic strategies. Ideas and theories, categories and terminology of geo-economics are now actively used in substantiating global strategies (including UN) and long-term national development strategies.

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