Discourse transformation as a consequence of new epistemological fields formation

Discourse transformation as a consequence of new epistemological fields formation is analyzed in this article. The process of discourse structuring from the historical perspective is analyzed on the basis of a historical investigation of a sign and its interpretation represented by Umberto Eco in his work "Dall'albero al labirinto. Studi storici sul segno e l'interpretazione". The process is studied in the context of linguistic and extra linguistic realities correlation. Also, the influence of a dynamic object on the formation of new knowledge is analyzed: cognitive schemes, limited by the society's practice, are developed by discovering unknown aspects of reality, and give new interpretations to the known facts. A metaphor, being one of the factors of new knowledge creation used by a cognizer in different types of discourse, is connected with this process. Among the other issues, the dynamic object, as well as permanent discourse transformation, raises the problem of knowledge falsification that occurs as a consequence of new epistemological fields formation. From the point of view of epistemology, this process is interactive, and may be considered a result of a constant cognizer's interaction with the world. The role of a metaphor in this case is difficult to overestimate. As a metaphor is a tool for creating some new knowledge, it hides the mechanism of its usage from a cognizer. A metaphor gives unusual meanings to the extra linguistic reality; these meanings bring new senses, relations, directions and so on. Metaphor functioning shows that this speech pattern is a compulsory part of semiosis. The object of the research is the reasons and grounds of new epistemological fields formation. The authors suppose that these fields condition discourse transformation.

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