Philosophy and Psychiatry in Search of Overcoming the Crisis: Investigations of the Phenomenon of the Self
The current situation in philosophy is largely due to the invasion of other sciences, for example, psychology and psychiatry, of its field. The paper discusses the common subject of both philosophy and psychiatry: the investigations of the Self. Philosophical phenomenology and transcendentalism analyze the transcendental Ego or the transcendental unity of apperception, whereas the current philosophy of mind offers models in which the Self is absent (Daniel Dennett's multiple drafts model). It is supposed that psychiatric data can enrich philosophical theories of the Self and help to choose between the two models of mind: with the center of control and without it. The article discusses the theories of the Self and its disturbances, which phenomenological psychiatrists develop. The school of the Danish psychiatrist Josef Parnas develops the theory of the levels of the Self: the lowest - core (minimal) Self, the medium and the highest - reflexive Self. The disturbances of minimal Self, which can be also named the disturbances of the transcendental unity of apperception, are shown to cause depersonaliza-tion, mental automatisms, voices and incoherent speech. The disturbances affect two aspects: the subjective feeling of the absence of the Self (depersonalization, mental automatism) and the absence of the working organizing mechanism itself (schizophasia, disorganized thoughts). There are complex relations between minimal Self and reflexive Self in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Whilst minimal Self diminishes, reflexive Self can increase and block spontaneous reactions. The disturbances of the Self in the delusional disorder are more complex, possible without the weakened minimal Self. Hallucinations are interpreted as the sounding of thoughts, which, in turn, results from the weakening of the inhibition of the primary sounding nature of thinking. The necessity of the temporal horizon of the Self is also analyzed, as well as its importance for the organization of thinking and the weakening of the temporal horizon in schizophrenia. The article concludes that there is an organizing center of mind, which refutes Dennett's model.
Keywords
психиатрия,
феноменологическая психиатрия,
Я,
минимальное Я,
philosophy,
psychiatry,
phenomenological psychiatry,
Self,
reflexive Self,
temporal horizon,
monomial SelfAuthors
| Kosilova Elena V. | Lomonosov Moscow State University | implicatio@yandex.ru |
Всего: 1
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