A Constellation of Fact in the Context of the Philosophical Concepts of Ludwig Wittgenstein and Karl Popper

The article compares Popper’s falsifiability theory and Wittgenstein’s theory of meaning in the context of the historical and philosophical approach to the problem of the formation of new knowledge and its justification. The argument is presented that the formation of any epistemological field is determined by a constellation of fact. The article uses arguments relating to Wittgenstein’s both philosophical periods. The main object of study in this article is the significance of the linguistic factor in the formation of new aspects of vision (in scientific, metaphysical systems, etc.). The working hypothesis is as follows: a comparative analysis of the concept of Wittgenstein’s meaning and the concept of Popper’s falsifiability shows that new epistemological fields are formed as a result of one or another constellation of fact; one of the main reasons for this state of affairs is the linguistic factor that determines the correlations between the reality of individual consciousness and reality. The aim of this study is to justify the thesis, according to which different types of discourses provide for the possibility of using various bases of reliability. In addition, for a detailed analysis of the problem, it is extremely important to consider the formation of new knowledge as one of the results of the multifunctional activity of the cognizing subject of knowledge in the context of Wittgenstein’s theory of meaning and Popper’s theory of falsifiability. The following research methods were used in the study: the method of rational reconstruction was used to compare Wittgenstein’s theory of meaning and Popper’s theory of falsifiability within the boundaries of the historical and philosophical approach; in order to establish the possible principles for the formation of new knowledge, an analytical method was used to analyze the structural elements of complex structures; to analyze the role of the linguistic factor in the formation of intersubjective reality, an explication method was used, which made it possible to consider the interaction of a logically possible world and the empirical world.

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