Geo-Ethno-Politology: Subject, Content, Development Factors

Geopolitics as a scientific discipline has a complex structure. It can be differentiated by actual human environments, by virtual environments people create themselves, by the object of research and the environment in which the object of research manifests itself, by research models, and by sub-disciplines. The article considers one of the structural components of geopolitics, geo-ethno-politology, and shows its difference from the science of ethno-politology. The terms "geo-ethno-politics" and "ethno-politics" are explained as a practical use of the developments of the disciplines of geo-ethno-politology and ethno-politology in political life. The authors define geo-ethno-politology as the science of the division of the world between ethnoses, races, and nations, their origin, settlement on the Earth's surface, arrangement on different continents, in different geographical and climatic zones. They note that ethno-politics originated when there was a need to regulate the relationship of different ethnic groups and among themselves with the help of the state, that is, in the empires of the Ancient world. Geo-ethno-politics as a political practice is younger than ethno-politics. It appeared when the "world closed off", the Earth's surface was completely populated. It is designed to solve the problem of dividing and redeviding the world between ethnoses, races, and nations. The content of geo-ethno-politology is the study of the role and place of ethnic groups, races, and nations in world politics, their interaction with each other and with the leading powers, the study of the resulting alignment of ethno-political forces and the configuration of the global ethno-political system. The content of geo-ethno-politics is the activity on the settlement of ethno-political conflicts, on changing the ethno-political map of the world. The authors analyze factors in the development of geo-ethno-politology and ethno-politology: the emergence of new states as a result of the First and Second World Wars; the formation of ethno-national identity and ethno-nations; the emergence of the United Nations which formulated the right of nations to self-determination; decolonization; the breakup of Yugoslavia, the USSR, and Czechoslovakia; the intensification of ethno-nationalist and separatist movements in European countries and other regions of the world; the failure of the policy of multiculturalism; the cessation of ethnic and cultural assimilation, ethnic and religious tolerance; the growth of ethnic migration to Europe and America; the growth of riots and crimes on ethnic grounds, etc. Geo-ethno-politology has static and dynamic components. The static component of geo-ethno-politology studies the existing correlation of ethno-political forces and the geo-ethno-political picture of the world. The dynamic component of geo-ethno-politology studies the ethno-political processes that change this picture, geo-ethno-political conflicts, and changes in geo-ethno-political indicators.

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