Ontological and Epistemological Understanding of Temporal Phenomena

The temporal representation of the world is its representation in the form of processes and events. The philosophy of the process was developed in the 20th century, although it originates from Heraclitus. Its representatives are A.N. Whitehead, N. Rescher, Russian logicians A.V. Smirnov and V.I. Shalak. . Rescher introduces the concept of structure of the process, which is understood as a repeating pattern, but it seems that a change that does not have a regular structure is also a process. Ch.D. Broad and W. Sellars speak about the "absolute process" that does not have a subject, but this description is carried out in a linguistic, rather than physical, manner. Essential and incidental processes are also distinguished: the essential process is inalienable from the corresponding substrate, the incidental may be absent. Causality in a process ontology is a sequence of processes; the output of one is the input of the other. Rescher and Shalak are proponents of a continuum understanding of processes, according to which any process can be infinitely divided into subprocesses. Whitehead identifies process units - actual entities. The main issue discussed in the article is about the relationship between the process and the event. The anthropocentric aspect of the event is emphasized, its connection with the being of man, with sense, although there are some works in which the event is considered as something objective. In the article, the author suggests considering the event as a discrete point in the process at which the function jumps. However, events are distinguished only by the observer, "in nature" any event can be considered as a short process. Consciousness is analyzed as a process and it is indicated that one purely temporal process cannot adequately perceive the second process, floating within the same time. Two processes running in parallel do not perceive each other as processes. However, the human consciousness has the ability to go, in reliance on retention and memory, beyond the point hic et nunc, in such a way that the time of the world is perceived as current. Consciousness also has the ability to convolve process patterns that were initially broached in time.

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