Challenges and contradictions of the foreign policy course of modern Ukraine

The article presents the author’s view of Ukraine’s foreign policy as a multilayered and dynamic system in which national interests, internal reforms and international processes are intertwined. The study aims to comprehensively analyze the key challenges and contradictions of Ukraine’s foreign policy, consider the factors influencing its formation, and identify strategic ways to overcome existing challenges to ensure stability and sustainable development of the country in the current geopolitical turbulence. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive approach to the study of Ukraine’s foreign policy, taking into account modern theories of international relations - realism, liberalism and constructivism, as well as in an interdisciplinary analysis of the interaction of internal and external factors. Special attention is paid to the periodization of the foreign policy course, its evolution since independence, as well as the influence of historical and geopolitical factors that shaped Ukraine’s foreign policy strategy. The study focuses on the influence of external pressure, internal social divisions, as well as changes in the international environment on the formation of the country’s course. The results of the study demonstrate that the modern foreign policy of Ukraine is focused on Euro-Atlantic integration, expressed in membership in the EU and NATO, which is the basis of the foreign policy strategy, as well as on strengthening national sovereignty and territorial integrity, which is especially important in the context of the ongoing conflict with Russia. At the same time, the study reveals a number of acute contradictions. On the one hand, the desire to integrate into European and Euro-Atlantic structures faces resistance from some EU and NATO countries, as well as internal socio-economic challenges. On the other hand, strained relations with Russia continue to limit the possibilities of achieving sustainable security and stability. In conclusion, it is emphasized that Ukraine’s foreign policy, despite significant progress, remains influenced by the short-term interests of political elites and the volatile international situation. Successfully overcoming challenges requires not only an in-depth integration with the West, but also the development of a long-term strategy based on national interests, compromise and international cooperation. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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