Social stratification in Buryatia based on residents’ self-assessments (evidence from a sociological study)

The socio-economic and political transformations in the Russian Federation over recent decades have deepened social differentiation, transformed the social structure, and given rise to new forms of inequality. Consequently, research on social stratification -focusing on the key characteristics, life strategies, and living standards of social groups and classes - has gained significant relevance. This article examines the social stratification of the Republic of Buryatia, based on the results of a sociological study conducted in the region between 2020 and 2021. The study presents two graphical models of stratification: one based on respondents’ self-assessment of their social stratum and the other on their assessment of their consumer capabilities. The population was categorized into low-income, medium-income, and high-income groups, with their characteristics and adaptation strategies analyzed. The income groups are defined as: “poor, needy” (3.9%), “near-poor, vulnerable” (21.8%), “middle-income” (51.3%), “provided” (17.3%), “prosperous, wealthy” (4.5%), and “rich” (1.2%). The corresponding social strata are: “lowest” (1.6%), “low” (2.6%), “below average” (26.3%), “middle” (61.3%), “above average” (7.3%), and “highest” (0.9%). A tendency was revealed for respondents from various income groups and social strata to identify themselves with the middle group. The findings indicate generally positive social sentiments among the republic's residents, who report satisfaction with many aspects of their lives. The article substantiates the necessity of raising the level and quality of life for the region's population, overcoming poverty and social differentiation, and addressing problems of employment and income inequality. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.

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