Concept as a philosophical notion

In article the notion ofconcept is considered. It is a new object of research for philosophy. The notion of concept has arisen inRussian linguistics in the 20th century. Gradually it began to get into other branches of scientificknowledge, including philosophy. The problem of concept is a problem of how people think. Weshow there is a tradition of the analysis of thinking in classical philosophy, modern western philosophyand Russian philosophy which conducts to the idea of concept. Positions of Abelard, Kant, Hegel,Frege, Deleuze and Guattari, Russian authors are analyzed. In article it is shown that the philosophicalthought in the face of these philosophers was moving to the idea of concept. After a historical andphilosophical analysis we give a philosophical understanding of the notion of concept. According to itconcept is a fundamental and original form of human thinking that has in the basis both cognitive andperceptual experience. In conclusion, the main problems which arise with the introduction of the notionof concept are considered. These are such problems as distinction concept and notion, a way oflife concept (its relation to consciousness and language). The basic criterion of distinction of conceptand notion is ability to make definition. If we can make exact definition of a word we have the notion;if we can't give definition we have the concept. We can define the notion, because it reflects the generalstructures. Concept represents a specific individual experiences. We also show that concept existsat four levels: consciousness - the author's text - the interpreter text - collective consciousness. Theexistence of concept at different levels solves the problem of the relation of concept, consciousnessand language. Thus, concept is the medial structure having subjective-objective character. It existsboth in the individual mind and in the language of the ethnic group. Concept is the fundamental formof thinking, first of all, ordinary thinking and philosophical thinking.

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