The doctrine of Parmenides and Melissus about nonbeing of movementand the «Guillotine of D. Hume» from the viewpoint of two-valued algebra of metaphysics

The paper submits a formal-axiological interpretationof the metaphysical doctrine of Parmenides and Melissus about nonbeing of nonbeing, nonbeingof movement, nonbeing of set, etc. The author constructs and studies a two-valued discrete mathematicalrepresentation (model) of formal-axiological aspect of the metaphysical doctrine of mentionedthinkers - two-valued algebra of metaphysics. According to the author's fundamental hypothesis,metaphysics is nothing but formal axiology, in particular, formal ethics and formal jus-naturalism.Starting with this novel hypothesis the paper investigates "being", "nonbeing", "one-ness (unity)","set", "movement (change)", "contradiction", "non-contradiction", "completeness", "incompleteness",etc. as moral-legal evaluation-functions determined by moral-legal evaluation-variables in propermathematical meanings of the words "function" and "variable". The evaluation functions and variablestake their values from the set of moral-legal values {g (good), b (bad)} of moral-legal-forms of actions.Elementary moral-legal-action-forms deprived of their contents are nothing but moral-legal variables.Compound moral-legal-action-forms deprived of their contents represent moral-legal evaluationfunctions.The functions under investigation are precisely defined by tables. A formal-axiologicalequivalence-relation is precisely defined as well. By means of the given definitions the author constructsa list of equations of two-valued algebra of metaphysics identified with algebra of formal axiology,in particular, with algebra of formal ethics. Results of the mental (hypothetic-deductive) experimentwith generating the list of equations are surprising: "translations" of the equations from the artificialsymbolic language of algebra into the natural one are nothing but well-known "strange (paradoxical)"statements of Parmenides and Melissus. Hence, according to the studied hypothesis, the famousempirical criticism of the Eleatic metaphysical tenets is a result of misunderstanding them. The metaphysicaltenets are affirming formal-axiological equivalences among values. The scandal statementshave nothing to do with facts and formal-logic interrelations among facts. Therefore it is relevant touse the principle of formal-logic autonomy of facts and values for protecting Eleatic metaphysics fromthe empirical criticism. By means of algebra of formal ethics the author submits a precise formulationand fundamental generalization of the famous "Guillotine of D. Hume". The generalized formulationof "Guillotine" is used for protecting Parmenides and Melissus from the empirical criticism.

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