Conceptual Foundations of the Political Doctrine of the Russian ClassicalLiberalism

Formation of liberal ideology in Russia begins longbefore the performance at the historic arena of the country socio-political movement of liberalism.Consideration of the origins and milestones of Russian liberalism shows that he had had its own historyand theory, substantial paradigmatic traits and characteristics. Some aspects of the Russian liberalclassical doctrine is similar to Western Europe, some are completely original character. Last reflect thespecifics of the historical and sociocultural development of post-Reform Russia XIX - early XX centuries.One of the specific features of Russian classical liberalism lies in its intellectual character. We canstate that in determining Russian liberalism was the idea of the primacy of human freedom. Originalunderstanding of freedom, to determine the understanding of civil liberty and liberals demand the creationof a legal government order in which the value of public institutions would be measured by theextent to which they protect the interests of the individual. Sense of entitlement could not be reducedto any arbitrary legislator, nor to the social contract. Its basis is the natural right to life and freedom.With the understanding of freedom from a legal point of view was related to the political programof the liberals - the requirements of freedom of conscience, transparency and independence of the courtand the presumption of innocence, unhindered private initiative in economic activities, the inviolabilityof private property, etc. All of these tenets, enshrined in a system of positive law, constitute what iscalled civil liberties. They form the basis of civilized society and are its ultimate value. In the contextof the views contained one of the central question was the relationship between civil and politicalrights. It was believed that the civil rights guaranteed to all people equal opportunities to achieve theobjectives of growth of material welfare, thus freeing intelligence for creativity and cultural creation.Political freedoms - the continuation of civil liberties, and in a sense, they complement and warranty.Russian liberalism, therefore, will never take his economics and politics from the right. However,Russian liberals have insisted on the primacy of law to political power. Being in the majority of lawyersare defending the rule of law rule as the highest value among the normal principles of government.Consistently upholding the priority of the right, Liberals tied it up with the idea of a strong state,able to undertake the necessary reforms to ensure order in the country. Hence their attention to the ideaof statehood, efforts to develop the concept of legal statehood.

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