Relations between language, thinking and ontology and typologies of languagecomponents from syntactic, semantic, methodological and communicative viewpoints (basedon formalized languages)

Linguistic systems both natural and artificial carry out manyfunctions among which cognitive function there is. As for cognitive function any linguistic system it ispossible to consider from syntactic, semantic, and methodological viewpoints. The question aboutrelations between language, thinking and ontology may be divided in following four subquestions: 1)what kinds of objects a language forces us to see?; 2) what kinds of objects a language forces us toaccept?; 3) what ontological assumptions a language forces us to make?; and 4) how correlate objectsof given language and assumptions about them with reality? The criterion "'to see' means to knowhow to denote by signs" acts as the answer on first question. The Carnap-Quine's criterion acts as theanswer on second question. This criterion suits for languages of Frege-Russell type. It formulates byQuine as "to be is to be a value of a bound variable".The Church's criterion "language obliges to make such ontological commitments whichformulated in analytic true sentences of this language" acts as the answer on third question. From ourviewpoint fourth question correlates with external questions (according to Carnap's conceptionof linguistic frameworks). We consider that external questions have cognitive status, and they get asolution by means of methodological viewpoint. For it is needed acknowledge conventionalismprinciple or realism principle. Language components may be divided into classes in every aspect:syntactic, semantic, methodological and communicative. For every such typology there are some toolsthat lead to it. Typology of language expressions (as strings of basic symbols) belongs purview ofsyntax and represents by itself formal distinction of language expressions on basis of syntacticcriterions. This typology has being carried out by means of rules for constructing complex languageexpressions from atomic. Typology of language components on semantic level has being carried out bymeans of system of semantic categories.Definition types of entities that have being correlated to semantic categories, goes onmethodological level, and it represents by itself denotation the nature of entities to which belongs thisor that type of meaning of language expressions.Relations between these aspects of languages are regulated by rules. Rules of interpretation defineassignment of meanings according to language expressions. Defined language expressions areinterpreted by these rules. In present paper the rules that define types of entities being correlated tosemantic categories, and that define of nature of entities to be called rules of sigmatic interpretation.

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