Four types of connections in modeling of the reality

In search of natural regularities, efforts often are directed at revealing of cause-and-effect connections between the two entities. Cause and effect are tied by the necessary and sufficient relation: if the cause has happened, then the effect must happen obligatory; if the effect happened, then the cause has been happened before. There is no need in the presence of third entities for these events. However, due to the general law of universal interconnections and interdependences in Nature, the other entities are always interfering into interaction between any two entities. Hence, the actual relation between couple of objects is always different from the cause-and-effect one. The character of intervention of third entities into action between the two parties considered, may be of great variety, and this can roughly be presented by its classification in accordance with indications of necessity and sufficiency. The necessary and sufficient connexion is called a cause-and-effect one. It is a scientific abstraction (called "law of nature") digressed from a presence and influence of third entities. The necessary, but not sufficient connexion is characterized by terms "system-forming factor", "producer - product". The sufficient, but not necessary connexion is called "a directed tie". The not necessary and not sufficient, but essential connexion is called "associative", or "probabilistic", or "stochastic" one. Examples of the four types of pair-wise ties are given. It is emphasized that different ties need be treated differently in human practice, and that an error in identification of the type of a tie leads to failures in practice.

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