Morphological characteristics of the Palaeolithic Ust-Ishim femur | Sibirskie Istoricheskie Issledovaniia – Siberian Historical Research. 2020. № 2. DOI: 10.17223/2312461X/28/12

Morphological characteristics of the Palaeolithic Ust-Ishim femur

In the twenty-first century, evolutionary anthropologists focused on Siberia, the study of which can shed light on the mechanisms of early migrations and the interaction of different branches of the genus Homo in the Pleistocene era. In light of the data on different groups of archaic humanity (Denisovans and Neanderthals) that had actively settled in the Asian part of the continent, the femur of Ust-Ishim found in the Omsk region is unique. Ac-According to the previous genetic research results, this left femur belongs to the earliest reprerepresentative of Homo sapiens identified in Eurasia so far. The direct radiocarbon dating and molecular clock estimation showed that Ust-Ishim sapiens lived 46 to 49 thousand years ago. The evolution of the Ust-Ishimian population had diverged from that of modern Western and Eastern Eurasians’ ancestors even before the two groups split (Fu et al., 2014). In our article, the morphology of the Ust-Ishim femur is considered against a broad comparative background, taking into account the diversity of early, same-time and later forms of fossil humans (Homo erectus, Heidelberg humans, the anatomically modern Skhul-Qafzeh people, Neanderthals, and Cro-Magnons). The fact of the femur belonging to a representative of modern man is confirmed by certain structural features and, above all, by the shape of the central part of the diaphysis and the presence of a well-formed pilaster. Also shown is the great similarity of the Ust-Ishim man to the late Cro-Magnons of western and central Europe. The greatest differences were found between the Ust-Ishim man and African erectus, as well as the Skhul-Qafzeh people. Important diagnostic features (a form in the middle of the femoral diaphysis) bring the Ust-Ishim man closer to some “Heidelberg humans” from Africa - possible ancestors of the Homo sapiens taxon. The Ust-Ishim find occupies the least undifferentiated position in the field of femur variability among the representatives of the genus Homo as a whole. The results of our work confirm the previously made suggestion by geneticists that the Ust-Ishim man is one of the earliest, initial migrations of population from Africa.

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Keywords

Усть-Ишим, Homo, плейстоцен, палеолит, бедренная кость, ранние сапиенсы, Ust-Ishim, Homo, Pleistocene, Paleolithic, femur, Early Sapiens

Authors

Name	Organization	E-mail
Mednikova Maria B.	Institute of Archeology, Russian Academy of Sciences	medma_pa@mail.ru
Slepchenko Sergey M.	Tyumen Scientific Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences	s_slepchenko@list.ru
Buzhilova Aleksandra P.	Lomonosov Moscow State University; Institute of Archeology, Russian Academy of Sciences	albu_pa@mail.ru

Всего: 3

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