Revisiting Chukchi spirits | Sibirskie Istoricheskie Issledovaniia – Siberian Historical Research. 2021. № 4. DOI: 10.17223/2312461X/34/5

Revisiting Chukchi spirits

Understanding spirits among the Chukchi presents anthropologists with a perennial challenge. In the classic studies of Vladimir Bogoraz, one gets the impression that, for Chukchi, many spiritual entities have well-defined outlines and are given fixed names. More recently, Philippe Descola and Rane Willerslev have adopted the clear-cut distinctions that Bo-goraz makes among various categories of spirits in formulating their respective grand theories. My experience in the field, on the contrary, has led me to conclude that, among Chukchi, the characteristics of spirits are not as nicely ordered as has been suggested in the works of these authors. In this contribution, I approach Chukchi understandings of spirits by comparing human-spirit relation to the relations of humans to the land and to the reindeer - relations which are inherently ambivalent. I argue that the way Chukchi construct their relationship to reindeer, to the land, and to spirits depends in large part on how reindeer, land, and spirits relate to the domestic hearth.

Download file

Counter downloads: 61

Keywords

Chukchi, fire, hearth, domestication, land, reindeer, rituals, spirits

Authors

Name	Organization	E-mail
Vate Virginie	Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique / Groupe Societes, Religions, Laicites, EPHE/PSL University	virginie.vate-klein@cnrs.fr

Всего: 1

References

Willerslev R. Spirits as ‘ready to hand'. A phenomenological analysis of Yukaghir Spiritual Knowledge and Dreaming // Anthropological Theory. 2004. Vol. 4(4). P. 395-418

Vate V., Eidson J. The Anthropology of Ontology in Siberia - a Critical Review // Anthropo-logica. 2021. Vol. 63(2) (forthcoming)

Weinstein Ch. Tradition orale tchouktche. Imaginaire d'un peuple du Grand Nord. Tome premier: rites, incantations, mythes. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2018

Willerslev R. Frazer Strikes Back from the Armchair: A New Search for the Animist Soul // Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 2011. Vol. 17(3). P. 504-526

Vate V. Vera's tain'ykvyt and other stories of ritual strings. Constructing and deconstructing religion among Chukchi reindeer herders (northeastern Siberia) // Nomad lives. From the Prehistoric Times to Present Day / ed. by A. Averbouh, N. Goutas, N. Mery, Coll. Natures et societes. Paris: Publications scientifiques du MNHN, 2021. P. 505-523

Vate V. Savoirs et representations du renne // Etudes Inuit Studies. 2007. Vol. 31 (1-2). P. 273-286

Vate V. Redefining Chukchi Practices in Contexts of Conversion to Pentecostalism (Russian North) // Christian Conversion after Socialism: Disruptions, Modernisms and the Technologies of Faith / ed. by M. Pelkmans. New York; Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2009. P. 39-57

Vate V. Le rituel de mort volontaire: Rendre l'ame pour perpetuer la vie // Chemins d'Etoiles. 2003. Vol. 10. P. 55-61

Vate V. Kilvei: the Chukchi Spring Festival in Urban and Rural Contexts // Erich Kasten (ed.). Rebuilding Identities. Pathways to Reform in Post-Soviet Siberia. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer Verlag, 2005. P. 39-62

Vate V. Building a Home for the Hearth: An Analysis of a Chukchi Reindeer Herding Ritual // Wishart R.P., Vate V. (eds.). About the Hearth: Perspectives on the Home, Hearth and Household in the Circumpolar North. New York; Oxford; Berghahn, 2013. P. 183-199

Vakhtin N. On Domestication, Permanent and Temporary: qoraga, slwelu, and akwsqor // Etudes Inuit Studies. 2022. Vol. 45 (1-2) (forthcoming)

Vate V. “La tete vers le lever de soleil”: Orientation quotidienne et rituelle dans l'espace do-mestique des Tchouktches eleveurs de rennes (Arctique siberien) // Etudes mongoles, siberiennes, centrasiatiques et tibetaines. 2006. Vol. 36-37. P. 61-93

Laugrand F., Oosten J., Trudel F. Representing Tuurngait // Memory and History in Nunavut. 2000. Vol. 1. P. 17-44

Laugrand F., Oosten J., Trudel F. Hunters, Owners and Givers of Light: The Tuurngait of South Baffin Island // Arctic Anthropology. 2002. Vol. 39 (1-2). P. 27-50

Krupnik I. The ‘Bogoras enigma'. Bounds of Cultures and Formats of Anthropologists // Vaclav Hubinger (ed.). Grasping the Changing World. Anthropological Concepts in the Postmodern Era. London; New York: Routledge, 1996. P. 35-52

Ingold T. The Appropriation of Nature. Essays on Human Ecology and Social Relations. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1986

Jochelson W. The Koryak. Vol. VI of Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History. Reprint from Vol. VII of The Jesup North Pacific Expedition, Franz Boas, ed. Leiden: E.J. Brill; New York: G.E. Stechert & Co, 1908

Hamayon R.Compensations posthumes. Deux pratiques de la mort volontaire en Siberie // Psychologie medicale. 1988. Vol. 20-3. P. 439-440

Hamayon R. La chasse a l'ame, esquisse d'une theorie du chamanisme siberien. Nanterre: Memoires de la Societe d'Ethnologie, 1990

Gell A. Art and Agency: An Anthropological Theory. Oxford: Clarendon, 1998

Gell A. The Art of Anthropology. London: The Athlone Press, 1999

Halemba A. The Telengits of Southern Siberia: Landscape, Religion and Knowledge in Motion. London; New York: Routledge, 2005

Freed S.A., Freed R.S., Williamson L. Capitalist Philanthropy and Russian Revolutionaries: The Jesup North Pacific Expedition (1897-1902) // American Anthropologist. 1988. Vol. 90 (1). P. 7-24

Bogoras W. The Chukchee. Vol. XI of Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History. Reprint from Vol. VII of The Jesup North Pacific Expedition, edited by Franz Boas. Leiden: E.J. Brill; New York: G.E. Stechert & Co, 1904-1909

Descola Ph. Beyond Nature and Culture / translated by J. Lloyd; Foreword by Marshall Sahlins. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013

Digard J.-P. L'homme et les animaux domestiques. Anthropologie d'une passion. Paris: Fay-ard, 1990

Функ Д.А. Миры шаманов и сказителей: комплексное исследование телеутских и шорских материалов. М.: Наука, 2005

Bogoras W. Chukchee Mythology. Vol. XII of Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History. Reprint from Vol. VIII of The Jesup North Pacific Expedition, edited by Franz Boas. Leiden: E.J. Brill; New York: G.E. Stechert & Co, 1910-1913

Мудрак O.A. Этимологический словарь чукотско-камчатских языков. М.: Языки русской культуры, 2000

Рытхэу Ю. Тэрыкы // Современные легенды. Л.: Сов. писатель, 1980. С. 89-172

Скорик П. Я. Русско-чукотский словарь для чукотской начальной школы. Л.: Нарком-прос РСФСР, 1941

Давыдова Е.А., Давыдов В.Н. Микроинфраструктура подсобного хозяйства на Чукотке: яранги, контейнеры и теплицы // Сибирские исторические исследования. 2021. № 4. С. 72-89

Инэнликэй П.И. Словаръ чукотско-русский и русско-чукотский. Л.: Просвещение, 1987

Инэнликэй П.И., Молл Т.А. Чукотско-русский словарь. Л.: Просвещение, 1957

Венстен Ш. Чукотско-французско-англо-русский словарь. Анадырь; СПб.: Лема, 2018

Вдовин И.С. Очерки истории и этнографии Чукчей. М.; Л.: Наука, 1965

Вдовин И.С. Религиозные культы чукчей // Памятники культуры народов Сибири и Севера (вторая половина XIX - начало XX в.): сб. музея антропологии и этнографии, XXXIII. Л.: Наука, 1977. С. 117-171

Богораз В.Г. Чукчи. Религия. Л.: Изд-во Главсевморпути, 1939. Ч. II

Богораз В.Г. Материалы по изучению чукотскаго языка и фольклора собранные в колымском округе. Труды Якутской экспедиции. Отдел III. Т. XI. Ч. III. СПб.: Издание императорской Академии Наук, 1900

Богораз В.Г. Луораветланско-русский (чукотско-русский) словарь. М.; Л.: Гос. учеб.-пед. изд-во, 1937