Cyborg Body: Humans in Theories of Extended Organisms
Patio-temporal parameters of cyborg bodies serve as a reference frame for the discussion of the problems of body boundaries, the definition of the concept of a biological individual or biological organism, and the organism’s interrelations with immediate milieu that have given rise to the concept of ‘extended organism’. A tentative typology of hybrid or synthetic forms, uniting individual bodies with their (techno-) environment is provided, including several forms of body techniques and routine practices (skills and habits), as well as various types of prosthetic relations (extensions and incorporations) that form cyborg bodies. The history of the idea of ‘externalization’ of human organs and their functions, based on the works of Maine de Biran, Marcel Mauss, Ernst Kapp, Siegmund Freud, William James, John Dewey, Andre Leroi-Gourhan, Anri Bergson, Felix Ravaisson, and Talcott Parsons, is traced. Donna Haraway’s concept of ‘partial connections’ that has been subsequently elaborated by Marylin Strathern is used to catch the particular characteristics of cyborg bodies that unite the elements of different provenance. In conclusion, the author discusses some ethical issues of human enhancement. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
Keywords
partial connections,
habit,
incorporation,
extension,
extended organism,
biological individual,
cyborgAuthors
| Sokolovskiy Sergey V. | Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences | sokolovskiserg@gmail.com |
Всего: 1
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