Cartography in Cyberethnography (Using the Example of the Indigenous Peoples of Russia)
With the advent of ethnographic knowledge in Russia, that is, studies of nationalities and ethnic groups inhabiting the territory of the country, maps began to be used to characterize the ethnic composition of Russian society. Reflecting on the role of the Internet in everyday communication, modern ethnographers complement traditional methods with so-called cyberethnography: the study of online communication within and between ethnic communities. The purpose of this article is to explore the possibilities of using cartography to visualize not the physical, but the virtual space of (interethnic) communication. The virtual ethnicity of the indigenous peoples of Russia has been selected as the object of mapping. By mapping the virtual space, we have tried to identify trends in the representation of the identity of indigenous peoples, as well as to identify the role of tradition and innovation in their ethnic culture. The article examines the virtual experience of three ethnic groups - Vods (Leningrad region), Besermyans (Republic of Udmurtia) and Nagaibaks (Chelyabinsk region). The combination of one of the oldest mapping technologies and a new method of cyberethnography makes it possible to take detailed account of ethnic interaction in the digital space. Like various camera angles in the cinema, with the help of cartographic research and database analysis, we observe - in an enlarged or remote way - the processes of dynamics and statics, activation and passivation in the network. This work is the first attempt to test the tools of GIS technologies for indigenous small peoples in the digital space, and subsequent studies have prospects for deepening and expanding, detailed study with the involvement of additional sources and materials. Social networks provide opportunities for visualized representation of ethnicity, and how to embrace, study and present it sometimes depends not only on specific tools, but also on the imagination of the researcher. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Keywords
cartography,
cyberethnography,
small indigenous peoples,
Vods,
Besermyans,
Nagaibaks,
maps,
virtual ethnicityAuthors
| Belorussova Svetlana Yu. | Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the RAS | svetlana-90@yandex.ru |
| Siuziumov Arsenii A. | Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) of the RAS | a.a.siuziumov@gmail.com |
Всего: 2
References
Анализ сетевых характеристик коренных малочисленных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока в социальной сети «ВКонтакте». URL: https://atlaskmns.ru/page/ru/papers_003_tomsk_soc.html (дата обращения: 12.03.2024).
Белоруссова С.Ю. Из Парижа в Париж: путешествие нагайбаков по дорогам предков // Уральский исторический вестник. 2014. № 3 (44). С. 128-135.
Белоруссова С.Ю. Исчезают ли нагайбаки? // Этнография. 2023. № 1 (19). С. 203-224.
Белоруссова С.Ю. Киберэтнография: методология и технология // Этнография. 2021. № 3 (13). С. 123-145.
Белоруссова С.Ю. Коренные малочисленные народы: виртуальная этничность и сетевые опыты // Этнография. 2022. № 4 (18). С. 84-111.
Берлянт А.М. Теория геоизображений. М.: ГЕОС, 2006.
Брубейкер Р. Этничность без групп. М.: Издательский дом Высшей школы экономики, 2012.
Головнёв А.В. Киберскорость // Этнография. 2020. № 3 (9). С. 6-32.
Головнёв А.В. Игра в карты: визуализация Севера // Этнография. 2021. № 3 (13). С. 207-243.
Михайлова А.А., Хвалей Д.В., Михайлов А. С. Геоинформационная оценка интереса интернет-пользователей приграничного региона к трансграничной мобильности // ИнтерКарто. ИнтерГИС. Геоинформационное обеспечение устойчивого развития территорий: материалы Междунар. конф. M.: Географический факультет МГУ, 2022. Т. 28, ч. 2. С. 146-159.
Ненько А.Е., Курилова М.А., Подкорытова М.И. Анализ эмоционального восприятия территорий и развитие «Умного города» // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. 2020. Т. 8, № 11. C. 128-136.
Черешня О.Ю., Грибок М.В. Комплексная оценка цифрового неравенства в регионах России // ИнтерКарто. ИнтерГИС. Геоинформационное обеспечение устойчивого развития территорий: материалы Междунар. конф. M.: Географический факультет МГУ, 2023. Т. 29, ч. 1. С. 143-157.
40 maps that explain the internet. URL: https://www.vox.eom/a/internet-maps (дата обращения: 12.03.2024).
Boellstorff T.Coming of Age in Second Life: An Anthropologist Explores the Virtually Human. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 2008.
Brubaker R. Digital Hyperconnectivity and the Self // Theory and Society. 2020. Vol. 49. Р. 771-801.
Chumash Indians. URL: https://www.santaynezchumash.org/letterarmenta.html (дата обращения: 04.10.2022).
Cruz E.G. The (Be)coming of Selfies: Revisiting an Onlife Ethnography on Digital Photography Practices // The Routledge Companion to Digital Ethnography. New York: Routledge, 2016. P. 300-307.
Diamandaki K. Virtual ethnicity and digital diasporas: Identity construction in cyberspace // Global Media Journal. 2003. № 2. P. 3-14.
Dodge M. The Role of Maps in Virtual Research Methods // Virtual methods: issues in social research on the Internet. New York: Berg, 2005. P. 113-128.
Eriksen T.H. Nations in Cyberspace. 2007. URL: http://tamilnation.co/selfdetermination/nation/erikson.htm (дата обращения: 30.12.2017).
Forte M.C. Centring the Links: Understanding Cybernetic Patterns of Co-Production, Circulation and Consumption // Virtual methods: issues in social research on the Internet. Oxford; New York: Berg, 2005. P. 93-106.
Hine C. Ethnography for the Internet: Embedded, Embodied and Everyday. New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Hine C. Virtual Ethnography. London: Sage Publications, 2000.
Knoblauch H. Fokussierte Ethnographie als Teil einer soziologischen Ethnographie. Zur Klarung einiger Missverstandnisse // Sozialer Sinn. 2001. № 3 (1). S. 129-135.
Meskwaki Nation. URL: https://www.meskwaki.org/ (дата обращения: 04.10.2022).
Miller D., Costa E., Haynes N., McDonald T., Nicolescu R., Sinanan J., Spyer J., Venkatra-man S., WangX. How the World Changed Social Media. London: UCL Press, 2016.
Onondaga Nation. URL: https://www.onondaganation.org/ (дата обращения: 11.10.2022).
Paul i Agusti D. Mapping Gender in Tourist Behaviour Based on Instagram // Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism. 2021. № 35. Art. number 100381.
Poster M. Virtual Ethnicity: Tribal Identity in an Age of Global Communications // CyberSociety 2.0. Revisiting Computer-Mediated Communication and Community. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1998. P. 184-211.
Rutter J., Smith G. W.H. Ethnographic Presence in a Nebulous Setting // Virtual methods: issues in social research on the Internet. Oxford; New York: Berg, 2005. P. 81-92.
Williams D., Ducheneaut N., Xiong L., Zhang Y., Yee N., Nickell E. From tree house to barracks: The social life of guilds in World of Warcraft // Games and Culture. 2006. № 1. P. 338-361.
Woodward D., Harley J.B. The History of Cartography, Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient, and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.
Национальный атлас России. Т. 3: Население, экономика. М.: Минтранс РФ, Роскартография, 2008.
