The history of formation and popularization of physical education among children in Western Siberia in the 1920s"

In the period of formation of the Soviet State, the responsibility for the process of children's physical education was taken by Vseobuch organization. It was founded in January 1920.Within the activity of this organization, the children's physical training was conducted by special interdepartmental commissions functioning within the territorial regimental districts. From 1922 the children's pioneer movement started to spread around the country. It was governed by the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Youth Union. (CCRCYU). The organization of young pioneers (YP) in Western Siberia appeared in the first half of 1923. Detburo Sibburo CCRCYU (The Child Bureau of the Siberian Bureau of CCRCYU) was responsible for the children's movement in the region. Under the guidance of Detburo in 1923 - beginning of 1924 there were developed plans of activities of Siberian pioneer units. Physical training was included in these plans (gymnastics, games, football, walking and ski excursions, etc.). Physical culture and sports activities and feasts in Western Siberia were organized practically everywhere, which contributed to the popularity of pioneer movement. The physical training of Siberian children was conducted by people without any special education. Meanwhile the physical training programs were written by competent specialists carrying out research work in this sphere in the 1920s. In the region the scientific and methodological research work on children's physical education problems was conducted by profile organizations (the Institute of Physical Culture in Tomsk and health authorities). An outstanding innovator in the sphere of physical education V.S. Pirusskiy played a great part in their work. The program on physical development of Siberian pioneers was written in March 1924, where the main means of physical education were: various exercises, active kinds of sports and gymnastic games. The process of providing specialists for the pioneer movement in the region started in 1923.There were founded schools of instructors of children's movement under province committees of RCYU control to prepare specialists in work with children. Also there were organized methodological boards of YP. In 1925 a program was written of district courses on village pioneer unit leaders training which included physical training. Thus, the mass spreading of physical education among children in Western Siberia like in the whole country was connected with the activities of the pioneer organization. The study showed that specialists' training and program creating was done on the local level and was supported by the work of Doctor Pirusskiy and Tomsk Institute of Physical Culture. But the fast growth of children's organization evidently lacked funds, qualified specialists and guiding materials. It was a national problem and to solve it was not possible at that period.

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