Historical and cultural aspect of family names study in lexical field Person (using the material of an official letter)

The aim of the article is to representhistorical and cultural information contained in family names of Tomsk district in the 17th century. Names are the "product" of a certainera and certain culture. They contain valuable information. The analysis of these names notifies the knowledge of the language of theera, when the name was formed, about cultural contacts of people that created names and about social relations and special ways ofthinking. In the process of analysis of anthroponyms in the lexical field "Person" micro-fields were distinguished with the followingmeanings: 1. "Physical and physiological characteristics of a person"; 2. "Personal characteristics"; 3. "Mental abilities". It is importantthat often appellatives, which names were based on, have very many meanings. In this case different meanings may belong to differentlexical fields. Words designating special features of size and form of the body (Bolsheninov, Dolgoy, Vysoky, Butusin, Kuhrbatov,Kruglyhin, Shiryaev etc.); person's parts of the body (Moklock, Glazunov, Golovin, Nosov, Ushakov, etc.); illnesses or injury (Zudov,Zhelvachihin, Krivoy, Khokhryakov etc.); eyes or skin colour ( Belogolov, Belous, Rudakov, Chernoy etc.), presence or absence of hairand its structure (Kologrivov, Kudryavtsev, Lysoy etc.) belong to the first micro field. There were 12 groups that we distinguished in"Personal characteristics" micro-field: pride (Kopylov, Lomanov, Nadutysh); laziness (Baidayev, Grizov, Kushpelev); aggression (Shabalin,Likhanov); stubbornness (Baturin, Butrimov) and others. "Mental abilities" micro-field contains two opposite groups: clever(Golovin, Sorokoum, Tanai etc.) and stupid (Bulyzhka, Gagarin, Lokasov etc.). For person's mental ability classification they use objectsof flora (Doob), fauna (Baranov), birds (Gagarin), names of profession (Tolmachev) or body parts (Golovin) are also used. Thegeneral specific of these micro-fields is that mostly negative qualities of people are described: physical disadvantages, a disproportionatefigure, negative character qualities, illnesses, lack of cleverness. Predominance of negative appraisal is typical for the Russian languageand culture. Another specific feature of the lexical field "Person" is that there are plenty of archaic and dialectal words that are unknownin modern Russian language (Shiryaev, Khohryakov, Bunakov, Kosterin, Sozonov etc.).

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