Socio-cultural prerequisites of housing stock formation in Russia (1917-2010)

Housing construction was one of the developing direction in architecture not only in our country but in many world countries in the 20th century in order to satisfy the increasing social needs. These needs were satisfied only taking into account the basic economic and political state power interests. The basic social problem of people began to be solved on the federal level. This problem was to ensure housing for all people in Soviet Russia, it was the first experience in the history of developing architecture. The above mentioned aspects required regular search for the rational type of dwelling. The 1920s slogan was: a new type of dwelling to the socialist country. New socialist society needs new forms and types of housing to satisfy new household and cultural needs of the population. The ninety-year period of Russian housing stock development was full of changes due to many factors, among them were: intensive development of the existing cities and building new ones in the industrial region of the country; a sharp increase in urban population because of its migration from the country; the state policy to develop this or that type of housing property; the economic conditions of country development giving opportunity to form housing stock with wide introduction of progressive achievements in the sphere of building and architecture; world policy, and many others factors. The above mentioned conditions influenced greatly the rate and amount of building in different historical periods of the new Soviet state development. The housing fond of our country from 1917 to 2010 was formed with close participation of the state itself and government structures. Over the entire Soviet period the total housing area per one person changed from 4.6 m to 23.0 m . Construction of housing was regulated by the Party and government resolutions and statements. About 400 political documents related to housing formation were adopted for that period. They played a significant role in the development of Russian architecture in the housing construction sphere. The authors of this article systematized the normative and government documents and on their basis defined four periods in the housing stock development in Russia. The long-term goal of the government is to find a mechanism allowing to build 1 m of living space per one person in our country.

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