Legislative regulation of juvenile crime prevention: problems and prospects

The article states that for a long time the issue of the need to adopt a single legal act on crime prevention remained controversial. Specialists in this field were long not ready to create a document that would become a real legal basis for crime prevention. However, one can not ignore the fact that there were also objective problems. First of all, there was a task of distinguishing the provisions of this law and a very large mass of specific preventive norms fixed in various branches of law. The article notes that the law enforcement practice initially needed a uniform preventive terminology and a regulation of the main forms of prevention, which could facilitate the uniformity of legislative practice of preventive regulation in certain areas of preventive treatment. But it was possible to achieve this only by the initial adoption of the federal law "On the Basics of the System for the Prevention of Crimes in the Russian Federation" and the subsequent adoption of federal laws on certain directions of preventive activities, conceptually corresponding to the general federal law and developing and deepening its separate provisions. This fully applies to activities to prevent juvenile crimes. Unfortunately, the practice of legislative regulation has taken a different path. The federal law 120-FZ "On the Basics of the System for the Prevention of Neglect and Juvenile Delinquency" was adopted on 24 June 1999. And only 17 years later, on 23 June 2016, a general federal law was adopted, which was originally to become the basis for the federal law in the field of prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency. At present, it is obvious that such belated acceptance of the general federal law does not contribute to the terminological consistency of the texts of the mentioned federal laws. The author gives examples of such terminological inconsistency, in particular, questions relating to the correctness of the definitions "crime prevention", "system for crime prevention", "subjects of crime prevention", and a number of others. In general, the article attempts to assess the validity of the legislative regulation of the prevention of juvenile delinquency, taking into account the norms contained in the text of the newly adopted general federal law on prevention, and also to identify the most problematic issues requiring an early decision at the federal level.

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