Industrial policy instruments for ensuring technological sovereignty: Expert opinions

In the context of technological sovereignty, this article analyzes the positions of Russian experts (N=25) on the use of such tools as reverse engineering, technology transfer, production localization, and intellectual property protection to ensure scientific and technological development. The article also analyzes current trends in the formation of new industrial policies in the BRICS countries and alternatives for economic development in the context of sanctions, in particular, the technological embargo. The experts' overall positive attitude toward reverse engineering is highlighted, although the limitations of its application in the long term are noted. The experts also generally note a positive attitude toward patents as a tool for protecting intellectual property rights and technology transfer. At the same time, they highlight the shortcomings and risks associated with the contradictory attitude toward these development tools on the part of BRICS partners and the possible risks of opportunism in the localization of production. The most probable and important industries and areas of cooperation for the purposes of ensuring technological sovereignty are characterized, which, in particular, include key macrotechnologies. At the same time, the experts' responses emphasized the danger of blindly copying China's experience when building a long-term development strategy for the transition to technological leadership. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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