The effectiveness of the use of labor resources in the modern Russian economy

Efficient use of labor resources is one of the key factors forming the competitiveness of the economic system and its ability to innovative development. Assessment of the use of labor resources is closely related to the concept of effective employment, which should be considered from the perspective of employees, employers and society as a whole. Quantification of the main characteristics of effective employment is associated with certain difficulties, but official statistics allow us to make several important conclusions about the effectiveness of the utilization of labor resources in the modern Russian economy. A gradual increase of the economic activity of citizens and of the employment level is the characteristic for the Russian economy over the last few years. The unemployment rate in the last seven years has remained at a low level. The level of potential unemployment, which is calculated considering the part of the economically inactive population located in boundary position between unemployment and economic inactivity, has the same dynamics as traditional unemployment rates. A comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of labor resources use should take into account not only the dynamics of unemployment, but also the efficiency of employed labor resource use. Inadequate use of employed workers' potential can be characterized by the concept of part-time employment, which appears in both visible and invisible forms. An analysis of the dynamics of visible part-time employment suggests that a tendency to an increase in underutilization of labor is present in the Russian economy, which contradicts the dynamics of the level of open unemployment. One of the problems of the Russian economy is invisible part-time employment, inadequate use of the labor potential of full-time employees. Methods of quantifying the scale of invisible part-time employment have not yet been developed, but some indirect conclusions can be derived from the analysis of indicators of additional employment. The additional employment in the Russian economy is quite high, indicating a significant dissatisfaction of employees with their jobs. The feature of the Russian model of employment is a significant share of employment in the informal sector. Informal employment, as a rule, is associated with poor working conditions, unstable payment, social protection for the poor of workers that does not meet the criteria of productive employment. Inadequate use of labor resources in various forms is combined in the Russian economy with the excessive workload some part of the employed population. This phenomenon is the further proof of the ineffectiveness of the current model of employment. Further research is required in the area of development of techniques that allow to quantify the basic criteria for effective employment at all levels, to analyze the effectiveness of the use of labor resources considering the features of the Russian labor market and employment.

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