Modern trends and factors of inter-regional migration of youth in Russia

The article analyzes the current trends of interregional youth migration. The purpose of the study is to identify the current trends of youth migration in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the regions of the Volga Federal District and the key factors affecting the outflow of youth from the republic. Research hypothesis: the migration of young people depends both on traditional center-peripheral relations within regions and between regions, and on specific factors affecting the decision-making on the choice of the place of education (including higher education). In this study, interregional migration is viewed from the point of the choice of youth for the study place and the residence place as the main factor of displacement, since the usual trends of the population flow from east to west, from municipalities to regional centers, from regional centers to the capital with regard to youth do not work in full measure. As a result, the problems of interregional youth educational migration as a threat of loss of human capital in the Bashkortostan Republic in comparison with other regions of the Volga Federal District have been identified: steady migration loss in the last 20 years; problems of outflow of youth; the increase in the number of retirees annually due to training in other regions; negative balance of interregional migration in connection with studies; low indicators of the attractiveness of higher educational institutions of the republic for applicants of their own and other regions. The influence of the remoteness of the location of the capital of the Bashkortostan Republic and the capitals of neighboring regions on the choice the place of education as a factor of youth migration was assessed. Practically in all municipal districts of the republic there is a migration outflow of the population from 15 to 19 years, intraregional flows significantly exceed interregional, especially in municipal districts, whose administrative centers are located no more than 250 km from the capital of the republic - Ufa. The farther to the border of the region, the situation gradually leveled: young people prefer to move to neighboring regions. The factors of the attractiveness of the regions for Bashkortostan Republic's applicants at the choice of the study place are considered: proximity to the home, the possibility of entering the university, the prestige of the university, the availability of budget places. A comparative analysis of the factors was carried out, which influenced the choice of the university entrants from the Bashkortostan Republic located in other regions of the Russian Federation. Thus, the current trends in the outflow of young people both inside the Republic of Bashkortostan and outside it are revealed, and factors that influence the decision of the entrants to the regions to choose the study place of and residence place are identified.

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