Localization and Efficiency of Economic Activities in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The study of the effectiveness and intensity of the development of economic activities is relevant. The article presents a brief review of methods for assessing the effectiveness of economic activities in territorial entities of different levels. The results of the studies of the effectiveness of types of economic activity and the intensity of their territorial localization based on calculations of the coefficients of localization on the number of employees and on the turnover of production are given. Calculations were made on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the capital city of the republic, Ufa. This showed the behavior of the processes under study. A dynamic assessment of the effectiveness of localization processes was carried out with the determination of average annual growth rates for foreign economic activity. The rates were grouped by localization zones: low localization, insufficient localization of resources, insufficient localization of results and increased localization. An assessment was made of the intensity of localization of production. Leading industries have almost no difference in both localization coefficients, they are stable in dynamics, but not all are leading in terms of the localization intensity factor. The greatest number of industries of the republic are in the zone of low and increased localization, the smallest in the zone of insufficient localization of resources. A graphical model of dynamic assessment of the effectiveness of economic activities was built. Its analysis helped reveal existing problems, showed the status of individual activities by intensity of localization in areas of advanced and lagging effectiveness in the Republic of Bashkortostan and in Ufa. In Ufa, the intensity and localization coefficients show that the industry indicators are ahead of regional productivity, while in the dynamics there is a decrease in the number of employees localized. The economic and mathematical models presented in the work revealed a different level of dependence of labor productivity on fixed assets by type of economic activity. The results of the research allow determining the priority foreign economic activities, whose development is possible with greater efficiency. The problem of the Republic of Bashkortostan is the low rates of development in a significant part of industries with a high level of localization, which indicates the need for economic restructuring. The practical significance of the approved methodology can be considered in the formulation of state support measures, the results of research in this area should be the core of socioeconomic development strategies developed in regions and municipalities.

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