Siberian city at the beginning of “Great break” (on the materials of Tyumen)

The aim of the article is to analyze the industrialization process of the emergence of the industrial appearance of a provincial Siberian city during the first five-year plan (1928-1932) on Tyumen materials. The article is based on archival documents, materials of periodicals and sources of personal origin, first used for scientific purposes. The 1928-1932 five-year plan was shown to be the first large-scale planning and industrial development experience in the history of Tyumen. Serious obstacles to industrial modernization were the lack of reliable sources of financing, low technical equipment of enterprises, a narrow construction base of production, an acute shortage of skilled labor and specialists. Under these conditions, large-scale economic construction and modernization of production in Tyumen, however, as in other regions of the country, was carried out by “transferring” funds from the agricultural sector of the economy and increasing the intensity of labor of workers and employees. The most common forms of labor intensification have become shock brigades (udarniki), overtime working, increasing the rate of work. Among the four years and three months of the Tyumen Five-Year Plan, only its first year was relatively good. The situation changed at the beginning of 1930, when the already intense tasks were revised and significantly increased. New benchmarks created a fundamentally different economic situation and exacerbated the problem of sources of industrialization. These circumstances could not but affect the economic results of the five-year plan. According to official data, industrial production in Tyumen increased by 182.5%, and the initial planned targets were fulfilled ahead of schedule. However, analysis of the work of industrial enterprises of the city suggests that real growth rates of urban industrial production did not correspond to official data calculated on the basis of cost indicators of manufactured products, which increased in conditions of increased inflation, and in reality amounted to 70-80%. It has been established that the chosen development strategy made it possible to take an important step towards the industrial development of Tyumen. At the same time, the industrial transformation of the late 1920s and early 1930s was accompanied by an exacerbation of social problems, an increase in disproportions in the development of the urban environment, which retained the traditional look, only partially affected by the modernization process. Under current conditions, the industrial sphere, the urban environment and everyday life represented a symbiosis of traditional and modern elements. Interlacing into specific structures, they gave the process of modernization a controversial and fragmentary character.

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