Landscape-topografphical features of the location of archaeological sites in the Tomsk- Narym Ob region

The article considers the features of the spatial location of archaeological sites in the Tomsk-Narym Ob region. Any object of the archaeological heritage has chronological and spatial attributes. Understanding the relationship between the time and place of occurrence of an archaeological monument is very important. This gives researchers the opportunity to formulate ideas about how the development of this territory occurred. Archaeological studies of the Tomsk-Narym Ob region have been conducted since the second half of the 19th century. A significant amount of materials and sources was accumulated during this period. Their presence makes it possible to carry out general research of an analytical nature. The purpose of this work is to highlight the peculiarities of the location of the identified archaeological sites in the landscape conditions of the Tomsk-Narym Ob region. To achieve it, methods of statistical analysis were applied. Analytical procedures were conducted with a data bank that included up-to-date information on 1335 archaeological sites in the region. The source base was formed on the basis of archival and published materials. Most of the work has been carried out with materials that are stored in the M.B. Shatilov Tomsk Regional Museum of Local Lore and the V. M. Florinsky Museum of Archeology and Ethnography of Siberia at Tomsk State University. The analysis was carried out over the spatial and chronological features of the objects. The main parameters are the type of archaeological site, the period of creation (occurrence), absolute or relative dating of the object, location on the relief form, confinement to the river basin of a stream order. As a result of the spatial analysis, several important details were established. Certain types of archaeological site have the greatest occurrence on characteristic forms of relief. The largest number of objects is located in the basins of the 2nd order rivers. Chronological attribution of sites indicates the variability of their location on the relief forms. The following conclusions were made on the basis of these results. The development of the Tomsk-Narym Ob region in pre-written historical periods occurred along the main waterway of the region - the Ob river. In the period from the Upper Paleolithic to the Bronze Age, ancient people preferred the most elevated forms of relief above the water's edge. These were mainly elements of the terrace complex. In the early Iron Age, the cape-shaped ledges and the edges of the terraces were being developed. This preference of the ancient population was due to the fact that fortified settlements located on these areas of the landscape were more defensible. During the transition from the Iron Age to the Middle Ages, areas of low floodplain were actively populated. In the Middle Ages and the New time, the population was moving deeper into the terraces on the watershed plains. This study shows that, in the presence of accumulated materials, it is possible to obtain objective results using modern methods that will be consistent with the knowledge-based representations obtained empirically.

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