Import substitution: history and present

In recent years, a significant part of the scientific literature published both in the Russian Federation and abroad is devoted to the problems of import substitution of goods and technologies in modern Russia. The issues of reducing import dependence were studied in monographs, dissertations, and scientific articles. On the basis of the study, the author found that the sanctions imposed by Western countries after the annexation of Crimea to Russia increased significantly after February 24, 2022, with the start of a military special operation in Ukraine. At the time of writing, the US and the EU have already adopted seven packages of anti-Russian sanctions aimed at weakening our economy. Under these conditions, the implementation of state programs to replace imports with domestic products is of particular relevance and practical significance. Money from the state budget has been allocated for their implementation. President V. Putin and Prime Minister M. Mishustin supervise the implementation of state import substitution programs, attaching great importance to this work. Thus, on March 1, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin called for the activation of existing import substitution tools in order to counter sanctions. On the same day, Russian Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin reported that the government, on behalf of the president, had taken a number of decisions to support the development of domestic production and import substitution processes. On March 10, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin again paid attention to the problems of implementing state import substitution programs. The study of the historical experience of import substitution, its creative use in modern conditions has not only a great cognitive, but also a certain practical importance for public administration in the context of a tough anti-Russian sanctions policy of unfriendly states. Using the example of import substitution in the aircraft industry, where a critical situation has arisen after the introduction of a ban on components for the assembly of airliners, the author shows that the production of civil aircraft in our country has practically stopped. The author analyzed the main reasons that led to problems in the domestic aviation industry, the automotive industry, and other sectors of the economy, offered evidence-based recommendations for correcting the current situation, taking into account the creative use of historical experience. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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