Structure and properties of exotic twinned nanoand mezodiamonds of pentagonal symmetry

A review of studies on the structures of exotic nano-, meso- and microdiamonds with dodecahedral and icosahedral symmetry (N/MDPS) is presented. The unique, complex atomic and electronic structure of N/MDPS, due to its high dodecahedral or icosahedral symmetry, leads to promising transport and mechanical properties that are very promising for photonic, quantum and nanomechanical applications. To explain the nature of diamonds, theoretical models were proposed based on the formation of twinned structures consisting of 5 and 20 symmetrically equivalent tetrahedral and prismatic fragments of a face-centered cubic lattice with the formation of star-shaped and icosahedral clusters. It was shown that these twinned nano- and meso-diamonds are limited in size due to the accumulation of uncompensated structural stresses arising from the deviation of angles from the ideal 72º between diamond <111> facets in tetrahedral fragments of a face-centered cubic lattice, up to 70.5º between five symmetrically equivalent twinned fragments

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