Chipping techniques in the Early Upper Paleolithic: experimental criteria for identifying different types of chippers (based on materials from the settlements of the Tolbor River Valley, Northern Mongolia)
In this article, the authors investigate one aspect of the technological paradigm change during the transition from Middle to Upper Paleolithic in Northern Eurasia, namely, the criteria for distinguishing different types of chipping. The process of changing the Levallois method of cleavage to the Upper Paleolithic was accompanied by a change in the cleavage technique. The authors analyze the problem of identifying the criteria for different types of slab cutters used for plate making in the Early Upper Paleolithic of Northern Eurasia, based on the materials of the Ich-Tulberiin-Gol valley sites. Experimental modeling was chosen by the researchers as the main method. In the course of experimental splitting with different types of chippings (organic and mineral with different degrees of hardness), a reference series of plates (320 specimens) was obtained from raw materials identical to those used at the sites of the Tolbor group. The analysis of the main technologically significant parameters of the chipping as well as the group of metric parameters allowed the authors to divide the slugs into four groups: soft hornblende, soft stone, "intermediate" stone and hard stone. Soft hornblende boulders are characterized by the presence of a ventral ledge, the absence of a point of impact and a curved profile of a chip; soft stone boulders are characterized by the same features, but a straight profile of a chip. Chips obtained by "intermediate" types of boulders have mixed features. Half of them have a pronounced ventral cornice, and, at the same time, one third of the chips have a point of impact, and the profile of the chips is predominantly straight. Comparison of the experimental data with the archaeological materials of the Early Upper Paleolithic layers from sites Tolbor 4, mountains 5a-5b, and Tolbor 21, mountains 4 allowed us to determine that soft horn and soft stone chippers may be excluded from the tools used in these industries. The features closest to the archaeological objects were demonstrated by the chips obtained by the "intermediate" types of boulders from met-asomatite (gabbro) and fine-grained metasomatite.
Keywords
Early Upper Paleolithic,
Paleolithic of Mongolia,
knapping technique,
experimental knappingAuthors
| Kharevich Vladimir M. | Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences | miha-lich84@mail.ru |
| Rybin Evgeny P. | Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences | rybep@yandex.ru |
| Khatsenovich Arina M. | Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences | ada1985@yandex.ru |
Всего: 3
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