Title print techniques of the book and behavior of the author and the reader (based on collections of the Rare Books and Manuscripts Department of Tomsk State University Research Library)

Three basic types of transformation are considered in today's bibliology: technical, formal and cultural. One of the major problems the history of reading is facing now is the problem of the relationship between these tree types of transformation. The problem of correlation between the repertoire of publications and the use of different replication techniques is considered in the article on the example of the collections of the Rare Books and Manuscripts Department of Tomsk State University Research Library. Collections of manuscripts (mainly dated by the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries) and collection "Lithography and Typewritten Books" were under study. There obviously was a redistribution of the repertoire between the various techniques of replication: thus, the relative number of manuscripts of scientific and educational character decreased with time, but the number of scientific papers written on a typewriter, and lecture notes reproduced by lithography and the hectograph increased. The redistribution between different techniques of replication grew in the 20th century due to the emergence of new techniques of replication, in particular, without typesetting (collotype, electrographic copy). They allowed increasing the speed of edition production and reducing its cost; all this affected the author's choice in favor of a certain reproducing technique. The new methods of replication did not follow each other sequentially, but coexisted; so, the author had a possibility to choose a method of replication depending on replication tasks, time and cost. For instance, the choice of the hectograph or lithography as a replication technique was due to a relatively low cost and a small size of readership. Using a typewriter is typical for manuscripts of scientists and writers, not intended directly for publication. Hectograph copies of business documentation ensured that a large range of people had identical copies of the text. It is proved that appearance of new methods of book replication leads to changes in the book repertoire, which reflects the behavior of the author and the reader in connection with new technical possibilities. The coexistence of different replication techniques and a choice between them are reflected in the editions repertoire. These processes occur simultaneously, but at different speeds and in different rhythm, which determines the concrete historical picture of regional book history.

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