Historical-typological discourse in Russian research schools

The article examines the evolution of the typological theory of journalism, the formation of research schools that laid the foundations for a systematic approach to understanding the historical and theoretical problems of the development of Russian journalism since the 1970s, when scientists from Rostov, and then Moscow and Leningrad Universities, first turned to the study of the typology of the press as one of the most important problems of journalism theory. They were later joined by colleagues from Voronezh State University and other Russian research centers. An analysis of the path traveled by researchers of theoretical and historical typology shows that different academic schools and trends in the description of the history of the development of scientific typology of the press are represented by different, sometimes contradictory, conceptual solutions. This actualizes the historical-theoretical aspect of the typological transformation of journalism. This approach is the most optimal, it allows us to consider the formation of journalism in relation to the changing historical context, to see the historical conditionality of the typological development of the press in the systemic diversity of its forms and transformations. The unity of typological and systematic approaches allows us to present in historical and theoretical aspects the patterns of the emergence of certain types of publications and the reasons for the loss of interest in them, the structure and characteristic features of the printing system in certain socio-economic conditions, because the type is not a frozen matrix: over time, with a change in the social situation, it can transform, adopting a new incarnation, and also disappear altogether, being born later in another form. Currently, researchers of the problems of typology of journalism have significantly expanded the boundaries of study and enriched the methodological arsenal on the way to identify type-forming features and their characteristics. At the same time, the change of research paradigms does not imply abandoning the scientific experience of its predecessors, which, regardless of the ideological context of the time, has accumulated a well-balanced scientific approach to defining methods and techniques for studying journalism. The empirical and historical-theoretical experience gained by representatives of different generations and research schools is a fundamental basis for further systematic development of typological theory. The author declares no conflicts of interests.

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